The ectoderm gives rise to which of the following?

The ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers formed during embryonic development, alongside the mesoderm and endoderm. It is primarily responsible for the formation of structures related to the outer layer of the body and the nervous system.

The brain and spinal cord develop from the ectoderm through a process called neurulation, where the neural plate forms and eventually folds to create the neural tube, which differentiates into the central nervous system. Additionally, the ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of skin, as well as associated structures like hair follicles and sweat glands.

Thus, the correct response encompasses both the differentiation of the epidermis and the development of the nervous system, making it a comprehensive representation of the ectoderm's contributions to the body.