What is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression. In this mental health condition, individuals experience distinct periods of elevated mood, known as mania, which may include symptoms such as increased energy, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behaviors. Conversely, these manic episodes are followed by depressive episodes that can present with symptoms like low energy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in most activities.

The cyclical nature of mood swings is a hallmark of bipolar disorder, making it essential to distinguish it from other mental health disorders. Social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder primarily manifest with symptoms that do not include the alternating patterns of mood seen in bipolar disorder. Each of those conditions presents a different set of challenges and symptoms, but they do not include the manic phases that define bipolar disorder.