What is the concept of a society where leaders are chosen based on their skills called?

The concept of a society where leaders are chosen based on their skills is termed "meritocracy." In a meritocratic system, individuals are selected for their roles based on demonstrated abilities, intelligence, education, and talent rather than on arbitrary factors such as wealth, social status, or political connections. This system emphasizes fair competition and provides opportunities for individuals to rise through the ranks based on their merit and contributions.

In a meritocracy, the idea is that the most capable individuals will be in positions of leadership, leading to more effective governance and better outcomes for society as a whole. This principle is often seen in educational systems or workforce environments where performance and aptitude are recognized and rewarded.

The other concepts in the choices represent different systems of governance. Aristocracy implies rule by a privileged class, usually those with noble lineage, while plutocracy refers to governance by the wealthy, and democracy embodies the notion of rule by the majority, where leaders are elected by popular vote. Each of these systems has distinct criteria for leadership selection that do not prioritize individual competence in the same way meritocracy does.