What is the effect of a step-up transformer on voltage and current?

A step-up transformer is a device used in electrical circuits to increase the voltage from the primary coil to the secondary coil. This is achieved through the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the transformer consists of two coils of wire wound around a core. In a step-up transformer, there are more turns in the secondary coil than in the primary coil.

The important relationship governing transformers is given by the equation:

[ \frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p} ]

where (V_s) is the secondary voltage, (V_p) is the primary voltage, (N_s) is the number of turns in the secondary coil, and (N_p) is the number of turns in the primary coil. As the number of turns in the secondary coil increases (in a step-up transformer), the voltage in the secondary increases relative to the primary.

However, the power supplied to the transformer remains constant (ideally, ignoring losses), which is articulated by the equation:

[ V_p \cdot I_p = V_s \cdot I_s ]

where (I_p) is the primary current and (I_s) is the secondary current. As the voltage