What is the role of cofactors in enzymatic reactions?

Cofactors play a crucial role in enzymatic reactions by serving as non-protein helpers that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions. These molecules can be metal ions like zinc or magnesium, or organic molecules such as vitamins that may be required for the enzyme's activity. They are essential for the proper functioning of enzymes but are not enzymes themselves; rather, they assist in the biochemical processes by affecting enzyme structure or function, or by facilitating the conversion of substrates into products.

Their presence often helps the enzyme achieve the correct shape or provides necessary chemical groups that participate in the reaction. By doing this, cofactors enhance the efficiency and specificity of the enzymatic reactions, ultimately leading to a greater rate of reaction under physiological conditions.