Which hormone is responsible for conserving sodium and water while increasing potassium excretion?

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and it plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. Its primary function is to conserve sodium and water, which helps to maintain blood volume and blood pressure.

When aldosterone is secreted, it acts on the kidneys, specifically on the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. Here, it promotes the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) back into the bloodstream. This reabsorption of sodium also leads to the concurrent retention of water, as water follows sodium due to osmotic forces, thereby contributing to an increase in blood volume.

In addition to promoting sodium reabsorption, aldosterone also stimulates the excretion of potassium ions (K+). This is achieved by increasing the activity of sodium-potassium pumps, which helps to move sodium ions into the blood while pushing potassium ions out into the renal tubules for excretion. This dual action of conserving sodium and excreting potassium is essential for maintaining proper electrolyte balance and overall fluid homeostasis.

Understanding the role of aldosterone is important in contexts like the regulation of blood pressure and the treatment of conditions such as hyperaldosteronism, where there is excessive production of this