Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

In the context of Alzheimer's disease, the ability to learn new things typically becomes impaired as the disease progresses. One of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's is a gradual decline in cognitive functions, which includes not only memory but also the capacity to learn new information or skills. As brain cells deteriorate, the ability to form new memories and learn becomes increasingly challenging.

On the other hand, the other characteristics listed reflect common symptoms associated with Alzheimer's. Memory loss is often one of the first noticeable signs, as individuals struggle to remember recent events or conversations. Cognitive decline refers to a broader spectrum of difficulties involving thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. Disorientation in familiar environments can occur as patients become confused about places they used to know well, further illustrating the cognitive impairments tied to the disease.

Thus, the correct choice is the ability to learn new things, as it contrasts with the progressive challenges that individuals with Alzheimer's experience.