Which organ is formed from the endoderm besides the liver?

The pancreas is formed from the endoderm, which is one of the three primary germ layers in the developing embryo. The endoderm specifically gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, as well as associated organs. In the case of the pancreas, it develops from the foregut endoderm during embryogenesis. The pancreas serves essential functions in digestion and hormone regulation, particularly insulin production.

In contrast, the lungs are derived from the endoderm as well, but they are specifically part of the respiratory system, which may lead to confusion as both lungs and pancreas originate from the same germ layer. The kidneys and adrenal glands, however, arise from the mesoderm, making them not part of the endodermal derivatives. This distinction is key to understanding embryonic development and the origins of various organs in the body.